Selective Attention Most Impaired During First Night Shift Worked

Our biological propensity for keeping awake during the day and sleeping at night makes night work a challenge. Now, researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) have found that attention is especially affected during the first night shift. This research appears in the November 28, 2007 edition of the Public Library of Science ONE.
“It is important to identify this first night shift as being most vulnerable to impairment in attention, because critical jobs like medical care, airport baggage screening, law enforcement, and air-traffic control are routinely done at night.” said Nayantara Santhi, a fellow in the Division of Sleep Medicine at BWH and lead author of the paper. “Additionally, traditional methods like exposure to bright light and fixed sleep schedule that reduce attentional impairment during night shift work are not as effective during this first night shift.”
Researchers tested selective attention with visual search tasks in participants in a shift work simulation, which included four day shifts followed by three night shifts. They found that attention during the first night shift was the most impaired, with participants unable to stay focused on tasks. They were spending less time attending to search items and making more errors.

Snoring Men Transform Into Sleeping Beauties After Surgery

Millions of men who suffer from sleep apnea may sacrifice a good night's sleep because they don't know where to get treatment, don't realize relief is available, or are too embarrassed to get help. However, comfort may be as close as their local plastic surgeon's office. Plastic surgeons at the forefront of identifying and treating sleep apnea will discuss the latest surgical advances today at the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) and American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons (ASMS) Plastic Surgery 2007 conference in Baltimore.
"Men over the age of 40 are the most common sufferers of sleep apnea due to their heavier build and shorter necks; however, women, children and overweight people are not immune," said Stephen Schendel, MD, ASPS Member Surgeon and lecture presenter. "Many men are extremely embarrassed to get help for sleep apnea even though it can lead to serious health issues."
Sleep apnea is a temporary inability to breathe during sleep, which can occur dozens; sometimes hundreds of times per night. Although someone may not be aware they have the condition, it can significantly disrupt their quality of sleep. According to the National Institutes of Health, sleep apnea is as common as adult diabetes and affects more than 12 million Americans.
"Left untreated, sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and other heart disease, memory problems, mood swings, impotency and headaches," said Andrew Wexler, MD, ASMS president. "The condition can also lead to serious work injuries and car accidents because sufferers are drowsy and fall asleep."
Sleep apnea can occur when soft tissues of the nose and mouth relax -- which may restrict air flow. Plastic surgeons open the airway by removing excess tissue in the nose. The tongue is also shortened and pulled forward preventing it from slipping into the throat while sleeping. The disorder is also seen in patients with less pronounced facial features, such as a small chin, because they often have smaller airways. Plastic surgeons move the upper and lower jaws forward, creating a larger airway for these patients. Being overweight can also restrict the airway; however, the best treatment for these patients is weight loss.
Non-surgical options may not be as effective or as long-term as surgery. The most common non-surgical treatment is a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine, which some equate to sleeping with a scuba mask on, can often fall off during the night and forces the user to sleep on his back. Radiotherapy is another option that has moderate success; however, it may be only appropriate for people with minor conditions and requires multiple treatments.
"Treating sleep apnea is one of the less talked about ways plastic surgeons are helping to restore health and proper function to patients," said Richard D'Amico, MD, ASPS president. "After all, quality sleep is an integral part of how we function properly."